Ghan, S., M. Wang, S. Zhang, S. Ferrachat, A. Gettelman, J. Griesfeller, Z. Kipling, U. Lohmann, H. Morrison, D. Neubauer, D.G. Partridge, P. Stier, T. Takemura, H. Wang, and K. Zhang (2016), Challenges in constraining anthropogenic aerosol effects on cloud radiative forcing using present-day spatiotemporal variability, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 113, 5804-5811, doi:10.1073/pnas.1514036113.
Abstract
A large number of processes are involved in the chain from emissions of aerosol precursor gases and primary particles to impacts on cloud radiative forcing. Those processes are manifest “clean-sky” shortwave cloud radiative forcing, i.e., the shortwave cloud radiative forcing calculated as a diagnostic with aerosol optical depth set to zero (1). Note that this formalism allows
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