Disclaimer: This material is being kept online for historical purposes. Though accurate at the time of publication, it is no longer being updated. The page may contain broken links or outdated information, and parts may not function in current web browsers. Visit https://espo.nasa.gov for information about our current projects.
Polar ocean ecosystems are experiencing rapid environmental change, but measuring the associated phytoplankton responses is challenging using traditional satellite passive ocean color measurements due to signal contamination from clouds and sea ices and to low solar elevation angles. Active satellite lidar measurements allow retrieval of ocean phytoplankton properties under conditions prohibitive to passive ocean color sensors. The ICESat-2 satellite lidar measurements provide two-dimensional distributions of upper ocean phytoplankton properties. The spring phytoplankton blooms extending about 230 km horizontally from dense packs ice near Antarctic marginal ice zones and 15 m vertically below ocean surface are observed from space for the first time. Our findings highlight the advantages of satellite lidar technology for understanding high latitude plankton ecology and biogeochemistry.