A spectral method for discriminating thermodynamic phase and retrieving cloud optical thickness and effective radius using transmitted solar radiance spectra

A new retrieval scheme for cloud optical thickness, effective radius, and thermodynamic phase was developed for ground-based measurements of cloud shortwave solar spectral transmittance. Fifteen parameters were derived to quantify spectral variations in shortwave transmittance due to absorption and scattering of liquid water and ice clouds, manifested by shifts in spectral slopes, curvatures, maxima, and minima. To retrieve cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius, a weighted least square fit that matched the modeled parameters was applied. The measurements for this analysis were made with the ground-based Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer in Boulder, Colorado, between May 2012 and January 2013. We compared the cloud optical thickness and effective radius from the new retrieval to two other retrieval methods. By using multiple spectral features, we find a closer fit (with a root mean square difference over the entire spectra of 3.1 % for a liquid water cloud and 5.9 % for an ice cloud) between measured and modeled spectra compared to two other retrieval methods which diverge by a root mean square of up to 6.4 % for a liquid water cloud and 22.5 % for an ice cloud. The new retrieval introduced here has an average uncertainty in effective radius ( ± 1.2 µm) smaller by factor of at least 2.5 than two other methods when applied to an ice cloud.