Canada. 5Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. 6Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 7

Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 8Institute of Environmental Engineering, Federal Institute of Technology–ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. 9NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA. 10International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal. 11NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA. 12GlacierWorks, Marblehead, MA, USA. 13The Mountain Institute, Elkins, WV, USA. 14U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA. 15

Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. 16Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. 17CVA Engineering, Suresnes, France. 18Earthquake Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA. 19ImageCat Inc, Long Beach, CA, USA. 20Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. 21State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. 22U.S. Geological Survey, Golden, CO, USA. 23Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway. 24Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. 25Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 26Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China. 27School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. 28Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. 29School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China. 30Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. 31Arizona Remote Sensing Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. 32National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. 33

Himalayan Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. 34Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. 35Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India. 36MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates – GSI, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 37Department of Geography, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. 38College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China. 39Geography Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. 40GLIMS Steward, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK, USA. 41College of Geographical Science and Environment, Northwest Normal University, China. 42Department of Physics, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA. 43Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia. *These authors contributed equally to this work.