Brian Cairns

Crosbie, E.C., et al. (2024), Measurement report: Cloud and environmental properties associated with aggregated shallow marine cumulus and cumulus congestus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024.

Li, X., et al. (2024), Process Modeling of Aerosol‐Cloud Interaction in Summertime Precipitating Shallow Cumulus Over the Western North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 129, e2023JD039489, doi:10.1029/2023JD039489.

Schlosser, J.S., et al. (2024), Maximizing the Volume of Collocated Data from Two Coordinated Suborbital Platforms, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 41, 189-201, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-23-0001.1.

Siu, L.W., et al. (2024), Retrievals of aerosol optical depth over the western North Atlantic Ocean during ACTIVATE, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2739-2759, doi:10.5194/amt-17-2739-2024.

Siu, L.W., et al. (2024), Summarizing multiple aspects of triple collocation analysis in a single diagram, Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 5, 10.3389/frsen.2024.1395442, doi:10.3389/frsen.2024.1395442.

Li, X., et al. (2023), Large-Eddy Simulations of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds Associated with Cold-Air Outbreaks during the ACTIVATE Campaign. Part II: Aerosol–Meteorology–Cloud Interaction, J. Atmos. Sci., 80, 1025-1045, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-21-0324.1.

Nied, J., et al. (2023), A cloud detection neural network for above-aircraft clouds using airborne cameras, Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 4, 10.3389/frsen.2023.1118745, doi:10.3389/frsen.2023.1118745.

Sorooshian, A., et al. (2023), Spatially coordinated airborne data and complementary products for aerosol, gas, cloud, and meteorological studies: the NASA ACTIVATE dataset, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3419-3472, doi:10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023.

Tornow, F., et al. (2023), On the Impact of a Dry Intrusion Driving Cloud-Regime Transitions in a Midlatitude Cold-Air Outbreak, J. Atmos. Sci., 80, 2881-2896, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-23-0040.1.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2022), Markovian Statistical Model of Cloud Optical Thickness. Part I: Theory and Examples, J. Atmos. Sci., 79, 3315-3332, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-22-0125.1.

Fu, D., et al. (2022), An evaluation of the liquid cloud droplet effective radius derived from MODIS, airborne remote sensing, and in situ measurements from CAMP2 Ex, Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-22-8259-2022.

Schlosser, J.S., et al. (2022), Polarimeter + Lidar–Derived Aerosol Particle Number Concentration, Front. Remote Sens., 3, 885332, doi:10.3389/frsen.2022.885332.

Tornow, F., et al. (2022), Dilution of Boundary Layer Cloud Condensation Nucleus Concentrations by Free Tropospheric Entrainment During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL09844, doi:10.1029/2022GL098444.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2022), Remote sensing of aerosol water fraction, dry size distribution and soluble fraction using multi-angle, multi-spectral polarimetry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7411-7434, doi:10.5194/amt-15-7411-2022.

Corral, A., et al. (2021), All Rights Reserved. An Overview of Atmospheric Features Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean and North American East Coast – Part 1: Analysis of Aerosols, Gases, and Wet Deposition Chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 126, e2020JD032592, doi:10.1029/2020JD032592.

Redemann, J., et al. (2021), An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions in the southeast Atlantic basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1507-1563, doi:10.5194/acp-21-1507-2021.

Sinclair, K.A., et al. (2021), Inference of Precipitation in Warm Stratiform Clouds Using Remotely Sensed Observations of the Cloud Top Droplet Size Distribution, Geophys. Res. Lett..

Xu, F., et al. (2021), A Combined Lidar-Polarimeter Inversion Approach for Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Ocean, Front. Remote Sens., 2, 1-24, doi:10.3389/frsen.2021.620871.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2020), Vertical profiles of droplet size distributions derived from cloud-side T observations by the research scanning polarimeter: Tests on simulated data ⁎, Atmos. Res., 239, 104924, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104924.

Miller, D.J., et al. (2020), Low-level liquid cloud properties during ORACLES retrieved using airborne polarimetric measurements and a neural network algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3447-3470, doi:10.5194/amt-13-3447-2020.

Redemann, J., et al. (2020), An overview of the ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) project: aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in the Southeast Atlantic basin, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp-2020-449.

Sinclair, K.A., et al. (2020), Observations of Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions During the North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystem Study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, 1-10, doi:10.1029/2019GL085851.

Sorooshian, A., et al. (2020), Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead, J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JD031626, doi:10.1029/2019JD031626.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2020), Global Statistics of Ice Microphysical and Optical Properties at Tops of Optically Thick Ice Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 125, doi:10.1029/2019JD031811.

Behrenfeld, M.J., et al. (2019), The North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystem Study (NAAMES): Science Motive and Mission Overview, Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 122, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00122.

Dubovik, O., et al. (2019), Polarimetric remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols: Instruments, methodologies, results, and perspectives, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 224, 474-511, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.11.024.

Frouin, R., et al. (2019), Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Ocean-Color Imagery During the PACE Era, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 145, doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00145.

Jamet, C., et al. (2019), Going Beyond Standard Ocean Color Observations: Lidar and Polarimetry, Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 251, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00251.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2019), Scattering of a damped inhomogeneous plane wave by a particle in a weakly absorbing medium, OSA Continuum, 2, 2362-2368, doi:10.1364/OSAC.2.002362.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2019), Retrieval of volcanic and man-made stratospheric aerosols from orbital polarimetric measurements, Optics Express, 27, A158, doi:10.1364/OE.27.00A158.

Pistone, K., et al. (2019), Intercomparison of biomass burning aerosol optical properties from in situ and remote-sensing instruments in ORACLES-2016, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9181-9208, doi:10.5194/acp-19-9181-2019.

Remer, L.A., et al. (2019), Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From the PACE Mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument, Ocean Color Instrument. Front. Earth Sci., 7, 152, doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00152.

Remer, L.A., et al. (2019), Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From the PACE Mission, Part 2: Multi-Angle and Polarimetry, Multi-Angle and Polarimetry. Front. Environ. Sci., 7, 94, doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00094.

Sinclair, K.A., et al. (2019), Polarimetric retrievals of cloud droplet number concentrations T a,b,⁎ b,c b b,c, Remote Sensing of Environment, 228, 227-240, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.008.

Sorooshian, A., et al. (2019), Aerosol–Cloud–Meteorology Interaction Airborne Field Investigations: Using Lessons Learned from the U.S. West Coast in the Design of ACTIVATE off the U.S. East Coast, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 1511-1528, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0100.1.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2018), Retrievals of cloud droplet size from the research scanning polarimeter data: T Validation using in situ measurements, Remote Sensing of Environment, 210, 76-95, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.005.

Gao, ., et al. (2018), Retrieval of aerosol properties and water-leaving reflectance from multi-angular polarimetric measurements over coastal waters, Optics Express, 26, 8968-8989, doi:10.1364/OE.26.008968.

Ottaviani, M., et al. (2018), Airborne and shipborne polarimetric measurements over open ocean and T coastal waters: Intercomparisons and implications for spaceborne observations ⁎, Remote Sensing of Environment, 206, 375-390, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.12.015.

Segal-Rozenhaimer, M., et al. (2018), Development of neural network retrievals of liquid cloud properties from multi-angle polarimetric observations, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 220, 39-51, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.08.030.

Stamnes, S.A.M., et al. (2018), Simultaneous polarimeter retrievals of microphysical aerosol and ocean color parameters from the “MAPP” algorithm with comparison to high-spectral-resolution lidar aerosol and ocean products, Appl. Opt., 57, 2394-2413, doi:10.1364/AO.57.002394.

van Harten, G., et al. (2018), Calibration and validation of Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI) polarization measurements, Appl. Opt., 57, 4499-4513, doi:10.1364/AO.57.004499.

Xu, F., et al. (2018), Coupled Retrieval of Liquid Water Cloud and Above-Cloud Aerosol Properties Using the Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI), J. Geophys. Res., 123, 3175-3204, doi:10.1002/2017JD027926.

Di Noia, ., et al. (2017), Combined neural network/Phillips–Tikhonov approach to aerosol retrievals over land from the NASA Research Scanning Polarimeter, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4235-4252, doi:10.5194/amt-10-4235-2017.

Sinclair, K.A., et al. (2017), Remote sensing of multiple cloud layer heights using multi-angular measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2361-2375, doi:10.5194/amt-10-2361-2017.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2016), Polarized view of supercooled liquid water clouds, Remote Sensing of Environment, 181, 96-110, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.002.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2016), Derivation of cumulus cloud dimensions and shape from the airborne measurements by the Research Scanning Polarimeter, Remote Sensing of Environment, 177, 144-152, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.032.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2016), New Statistical Model for Variability of Aerosol Optical Thickness: Theory and Application to MODIS Data over Ocean*, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 821-837, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-15-0130.1.

Berg, L.K., et al. (2016), (2016), The Two-Column Aerosol Project: Phase I—Overview and impact of elevated aerosol layers on aerosol optical depth, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 336-361, doi:10.1002/2015JD023848.

Berg, L.K., et al. (2016), The Two-Column Aerosol Project: Phase I—Overview and impact of elevated aerosol layers on aerosol optical depth, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 336-361, doi:10.1002/2015JD023848.

McCorkel, J., et al. (2016), Imager-to-radiometer in-flight cross calibration: RSP radiometric comparison with airborne and satellite sensors, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 955-962, doi:10.5194/amt-9-955-2016.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2016), First-principles modeling of electromagnetic scattering by discrete and discretely heterogeneous random media, Physics Reports, 632, 1-75.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2016), First-principles definition and measurement of planetary electromagnetic-energy budget, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 33, 1126-1132.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2016), Multistatic aerosol–cloud lidar in space: A theoretical perspective, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 184, 180-192, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.07.015.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2016), Vertical variation of ice particle size in convective cloud tops, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, doi:10.1002/2016GL068548.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2016), On Averaging Aspect Ratios and Distortion Parameters over Ice Crystal Population Ensembles for Estimating Effective Scattering Asymmetry Parameters, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 775-787, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-15-0150.1.

Wu, L., et al. (2016), Passive remote sensing of aerosol layer height using near-UV multiangle polarization measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8783-8790, doi:10.1002/2016GL069848.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2015), Liquid water cloud properties during the Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX), Remote Sensing of Environment, 169, 20-36, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.029.

Geogdzhayev, I., et al. (2015), Extension and statistical analysis of the GACP aerosol optical thickness record, Atmos. Res., 164–165, 268-277, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.05.013.

Kokhanovsky, A.A., et al. (2015), Space-based remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols: The multi-angle spectro-polarimetric frontier, Earth-Science Reviews, 85-116, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.012.

Ottaviani, M., et al. (2015), Photopolarimetric retrievals of snow properties, The Cryosphere, 9, 1933-1942, doi:10.5194/tc-9-1933-2015.

Wu, L., et al. (2015), Aerosol retrieval from multiangle, multispectral photopolarimetric measurements: importance of spectral range and angular resolution, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2625-2638, doi:10.5194/amt-8-2625-2015.

Geogdzhayev, I., et al. (2014), Model-based estimation of sampling-caused uncertainty in aerosol remote sensing for climate research applications, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140, 2353-2363, doi:10.1002/qj.2305.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2014), Optics of water cloud droplets mixed with black-carbon aerosols, Opt. Lett., 39, 2607-2610, doi:10.1364/OL.39.002607.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2014), Optics of water cloud droplets mixed with black-carbon aerosols, Opt. Lett., 39, 2607-2610.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2014), Variation of ice crystal size, shape, and asymmetry parameter in tops of tropical deep convective clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 11,809-11,825, doi:10.1002/2014JD022385.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2014), A Flexible Parameterization for Shortwave Optical Properties of Ice Crystals*, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 1763-1782, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0205.1.

Geogdzhayev, I., et al. (2013), Statistical analysis of single-track instrument sampling in spaceborne aerosol remote sensing for climate research, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 121, 69-77, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.02.003.

Ottaviani, M., et al. (2013), Information content of aerosol retrievals in the sunglint region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 631-634, doi:10.1002/grl.50148.

Ryerson, T.B., et al. (2013), The 2010 California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field study, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 5830-5866, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50331.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2013), Remote sensing of ice crystal asymmetry parameter using multi-directional polarization measurements – Part 2: Application to the Research Scanning Polarimeter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3185-3203, doi:10.5194/acp-13-3185-2013.

Zhai, P., et al. (2013), Uncertainty and interpretation of aerosol remote sensing due to vertical inhomogeneity, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 114, 91-100, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.08.006.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2012), Accuracy assessments of cloud droplet size retrievals from polarized reflectance measurements by the research scanning polarimeter, Remote Sensing of Environment, 125, 92-111, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.07.012.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2012), Rainbow Fourier transform, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 113, 2521-2535, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.03.025.

Chowdhary, J., et al. (2012), Sensitivity of multiangle, multispectral polarimetric remote sensing over open oceans to water-leaving radiance: Analyses of RSP data acquired during the MILAGRO campaign, Remote Sensing of Environment, 118, 284-308, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.003.

Knobelspiesse, K.D., et al. (2012), Analysis of fine-mode aerosol retrieval capabilities by different passive remote sensing instrument designs, Opt. Express, 20, 21457-21484.

Knobelspiesse, K.D., et al. (2012), Analysis of fine-mode aerosol retrieval capabilities by different passive remote sensing instrument designs , Optics Express, 20, 21457-21484.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2012), Aerosol retrievals from channel-1 and -2 AVHRR radiances: Long-term trends updated and revisited, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 113, 1974-1980, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.05.006.

Ottaviani, M., et al. (2012), Polarimetric retrievals of surface and cirrus clouds properties in the region affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Remote Sensing of Environment, 121, 389-403, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.016.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2012), Remote sensing of ice crystal asymmetry parameter using multi-directional polarization measurements – Part 1: Methodology and evaluation with simulated measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2361-2374, doi:10.5194/amt-5-2361-2012.

van Diedenhoven, B., et al. (2012), Evaluation of Hydrometeor Phase and Ice Properties in Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of Tropical Deep Convection Using Radiance and Polarization Measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3290-3314, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0314.1.

Zaveri, R.A., et al. (2012), Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7647-7687, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7647-2012.

Knobelspiesse, K.D., et al. (2011), Combined retrievals of boreal forest fire aerosol properties with a polarimeter and lidar, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7045-7067, doi:10.5194/acp-11-7045-2011.

Knobelspiesse, K.D., et al. (2011), Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and cloud properties during the MILAGRO field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6245-6263, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6245-2011.

Lytvynov (Pavel Litvinov), P., et al. (2011), Models for surface reflection of radiance and polarized radiance: Comparison with airborne multi-angle photopolarimetric measurements and implications for modeling top-of-atmosphere measurements, Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 781-792, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.005.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2011), Electromagnetic scattering by a morphologically complex object: Fundamental concepts and common misconceptions, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 112, 671-692, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.03.016.

Lytvynov (Pavel Litvinov), P., et al. (2010), Reflection models for soil and vegetation surfaces from multiple-viewing angle photopolarimetric measurements, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 111, 529-539, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.11.001.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2010), Toward unified satellite climatology of aerosol properties. 3. MODIS versus MISR versus AERONET, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 111, 540-552, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.11.003.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2009), Columnar water vapor retrievals from multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer data, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02306, doi:10.1029/2008JD010543.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2009), Toward unified satellite climatology of aerosol properties: What do fully compatible MODIS and MISR aerosol pixels tell us?, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 110, 402-408, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.01.007.

Waquet, F., et al. (2009), Polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols over land, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01206, doi:10.1029/2008JD010619.

Waquet, F., et al. (2009), Aerosol Remote Sensing over Clouds Using A-Train Observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2468-2480, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3026.1.

Waquet, F., et al. (2009), Analysis of the spectral and angular response of the vegetated surface polarization for the purpose of aerosol remote sensing over land, Appl. Opt., 48, 1228-1236.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2008), Characterization of atmospheric aerosols using MFRSR measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08204, doi:10.1029/2007JD009388.

Knobelspiesse, K.D., et al. (2008), Surface BRDF estimation from an aircraft compared to MODIS and ground estimates at the Southern Great Plains site, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20105, doi:10.1029/2008JD010062.

Diner, D.J., et al. (2007), Dual photoelastic modulator-based polarimetric imaging concept for aerosol remote sensing, Appl. Opt., 46, 8428-8445.

Hansen, J., et al. (2007), Dangerous human-made interference with climate: a GISS modelE study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2287-2312, doi:10.5194/acp-7-2287-2007.

Hansen, J., et al. (2007), Climate simulations for 1880-2003 with GISS modelE, Clim. Dyn., 29, 661-696, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0255-8.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2007), Long-term satellite record reveals likely recent aerosol trend, Science, 315, 1543, doi:10.1126/science.1136709.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2007), Past, present, and future of global aerosol climatologies derived from satellite observations: A perspective, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 106, 325-347, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.01.007.

Mishchenko, M.I., et al. (2007), Accurate Monitoring of Terrestrial Aerosols and Total Solar Irradiance Introducing the Glory Mission, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 677-692.

Schmidt, G., et al. (2006), Present-Day Atmospheric Simulations Using GISS ModelE: Comparison to In Situ, Satellite, and Reanalysis Data, J. Climate, 19, 153-192.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2005), Separation of fine and coarse aerosol modes in MFRSR data sets, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D13204, doi:10.1029/2004JD005226.

Chowdhary, J., et al. (2005), Retrieval of aerosol single scattering albedo and absorption properties from photopolarimetric observations over the ocean during the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellite (CLAMS) experiment, J. Atmos. Sci., 62.

Hansen, J., et al. (2005), Efficacy of climate forcings, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18104, doi:10.1029/2005JD005776.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2004), Scaling Properties of Aerosol Optical Thickness Retrieved from Ground-Based Measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1024-1039.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2002), Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases by Means of Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer. Part II: Climatological Applications, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 544-566.

Alexandrov, M.D., et al. (2002), Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases by Means of Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer. Part I: Retrieval Algorithm, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 524-543.