North American pollution outflow is ubiquitous over the western North Atlantic Ocean, especially in winter, making this location a suitable natural laboratory for investigating the impact of precipitation on aerosol particles along air mass trajectories. We take advantage of observational data collected at Bermuda to seasonally assess the sensitivity of aerosol mass concentrations and volume size distributions to accumulated precipitation along trajectories (APT). The mass concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm normalized by the enhancement of carbon monoxide above background (PM2.5 /1CO) at Bermuda was used to estimate the degree of aerosol loss during transport to Bermuda. Results for December–February (DJF) show that most trajectories come from North America and have the highest APTs, resulting in a significant reduction (by 53 %) in PM2.5 /1CO under high-APT conditions (> 13.5 mm) relative to low-APT conditions (< 0.9 mm). Moreover, PM2.5 /1CO was most sensitive to increases in APT up to 5 mm (−0.044 µg m−3 ppbv−1 mm−1 ) and less sensitive to increases in APT over 5 mm. While anthropogenic PM2.5 constituents (e.g., black carbon, sulfate, organic carbon) decrease with high APT, sea salt, in contrast, was comparable between high- and low-APT conditions owing to enhanced local wind and sea salt emissions in highAPT conditions. The greater sensitivity of the fine-mode volume concentrations (versus coarse mode) to wet scavenging is evident from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) volume size distribution data. A combination of GEOSChem model simulations of the 210 Pb submicron aerosol tracer and its gaseous precursor 222 Rn reveals that (i) surface aerosol particles at Bermuda are most impacted by wet scavenging in winter and spring (due to large-scale precipitation) with a maximum in March, whereas convective scavenging plays a substantial role in summer; and (ii) North American 222 Rn tracer emissions contribute most to surface 210 Pb concentrations at Bermuda in winter (∼ 75 %–80 %), indicating that air masses arriving at Bermuda experience large-scale precipitation scavenging while traveling from North America. A case study flight from the ACTIVATE field campaign on 22 February 2020 reveals a significant reduction in aerosol number and volume concentrations during air mass transport off the US East Coast associated with increased cloud fraction and precipitation. These results highlight the sensitivity of remote marine boundary layer aerosol characteristics to
Aerosol responses to precipitation along North American air trajectories arriving at Bermuda
Dadashazar, H., M. Alipanah, M.R.A. Hilario, E.C. Crosbie, S. Kirschler, H. Liu, R.H. Moore, A.J. Peters, A.J. Scarino, M. Shook, K.L. Thornhill, C. Voigt, H. Wang, E.L. Winstead, B. Zhang, L. Ziemba, and A. Sorooshian (2021), Aerosol responses to precipitation along North American air trajectories arriving at Bermuda, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16121-16141, doi:10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021.
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Research Program
Radiation Science Program (RSP)
Mission
ACTIVATE
Funding Sources
NASA 80NSSC19K0442