Retrievals of aerosol single scattering albedo by multiwavelength lidar T measurements: Evaluations with NASA Langley HSRL-2 during discover-AQ field campaigns ⁎

This work focuses on the study and evaluation of the retrievals of aerosol complex refractive index (m = mr + imi) and single scattering albedo (SSA) from the inversion of multi-wavelength lidar measurements, particularly of three backscattering coefficients (β) at 355, 532 and 1064 nm and two extinction coefficients (α) at 355 and 532 nm, typically known as the stand-alone 3β + 2α lidar inversion. The focus is on the well-known regularization technique for spherical particles. It is well known that constraints in the range of refractive indices allowed in the inversion are essential, both for the real (mr) and imaginary (mi) parts, due to the under-determined nature of the problem. Usually these constraints are fixed for a given set of inversions. Using a large database of AERONET retrievals, correlations between retrieved mr and mi are observed and those correlations together with results from the GOCART model are used to define optimized, case-dependent, constraints in the stand-alone 3β + 2α lidar inversion. For each inversion performed, the optimized constraints are computed from the 3β + 2α data using a-priori information of extinction-to-backscattered ratio (LR) and the Angstrom exponent computed with α at 355 and 532 nm. The stand-alone 3β + 2α lidar inversion with optimized, case-dependent, constraints is applied to airborne NASA LaRC HSRL-2 experimental measurements during DISCOVER-AQ. The optimized constraints selected from the measured 3β + 2α are compared with the typing classification based on additional multiwavelength depolarization measurements, showing consistency between aerosol size and absorption range and aerosol typing. Evaluations of the SSA retrieved by the stand-alone 3β + 2α lidar inversion with optimized constraints are done by comparisons with correlative airborne in-situ measured SSA. The agreement between both methodologies is satisfactory for most aerosol types as differences are within the uncertainties of each methodology.