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ESPO

Brian Toon

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University of Colorado, Boulder

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Contact person by email

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Work: (303) 492-1534

Mobile: (720) 352-4203

Fax: (303) 735-3737

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Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

Campus Box 600 LASP

3665 Discovery Drive

Boulder, CO 80303

United States

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Brian Toon

First Author Publications:

Toon, B., et al. (2020), Planning, implementation and scientific goals of the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field mission.
Toon, B., et al. (2016), Planning, implementation, and scientific goals of the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field mission, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 4967-5009, doi:10.1002/2015JD024297.
Toon, B., et al. (2010), Planning, implementation, and first results of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4), J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00J04, doi:10.1029/2009JD013073.
Toon, B., et al. (2000), Analysis of lidar observations of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds during January, 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20589-20615.
Toon, B., and K. Zahnle (1995), All impacts great and small, Geotimes, 40, 21-23.
Toon, B., J. Cuzzi, and C. Sagan (1995), In memoriam James B. Pollack, Icarus, 113, 227-231.
Toon, B., et al. (1994), The infrared optical constants of ice and nitric acid hydrates, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25631-25654.
Toon, B., et al. (1993), Heterogeneous Reaction Probabilities, Solubilities, and the Physical State of Cold Volcanic Aerosols, Science, 261, 1136-1140.
Toon, B., et al. (1993), A physical model of Titan's aerosols, Icarus, 95, 24-53.
Toon, B., R. P. Turco, and P. Hamill (1990), Denitrification Mechanisms in the Polar Stratospheres, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 445-448.
Toon, B., et al. (1989), Rapid Calculation of Radiative Heating Rates and Photodissociation Rates in Inhomogeneous Multiple Scattering Atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,287-16.
Toon, B., et al. (1989), Physical Processes in Polar Stratospheric Ice Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,359-11.

Co-Authored Publications:

Lian, S., et al. (2022), Global distribution of Asian, Middle Eastern, and North African dust simulated by CESM1/CARMA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-22-13659-2022.
Yu, P., et al. (2019), Efficient In‐Cloud Removal of Aerosols by Deep Convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 1061-1069, doi:10.1029/2018GL080544.
Holben, B., et al. (2018), An overview of mesoscale aerosol processes, comparisons, and validation studies from DRAGON networks, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 655-671, doi:10.5194/acp-18-655-2018.
Jensen, E., et al. (2017), The NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX): High-altitude aircraft measurements in the tropical western Pacific, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 12/2015, 129-144, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00263.1.
Yu, P., et al. (2016), Surface dimming by the 2013 Rim Fire simulated by a sectional aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 7079-7087, doi:10.1002/2015JD024702.
Azadeh, A., B. Toon, and P. Hamill (2015), Freezing behavior of stratospheric sulfate aerosols inferred from trajectory studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1995), 1725-1728 (manuscript in preparation).
Murphy, J. R., et al. (2015), Martian global dust storms: Zonally symmetric numerical simulations including size dependent particle transport, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, 3197-3220 (manuscript in preparation).
Saide Peralta, et al. (2015), Revealing important nocturnal and day-to-day variations in fire smoke emissions through a multiplatform inversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 3609-3618, doi:10.1002/2015GL063737.
Tuck, A. F., et al. (2015), The Planning and Execution of ER-2 and DC-8 Aircraft Flights over Antarctica, August and September 1987, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,181-11 (manuscript in preparation).
Yu, P., et al. (2015), Evaluations of tropospheric aerosol properties simulated by the community earth system model with a sectional aerosol microphysics scheme, Journal of Advanced Modeling of Earth Systems, 7, 865-914, doi:10.1002/2014MS000421.
Bardeen, C., et al. (2013), Improved cirrus simulations in a general circulation model using CARMA sectional microphysics., O. Toon.. Improved cirrus simulations in a general circulation model using CARMA sectional microphysics. J. Geophys, Res.: Atmospheres, 118 (20), 118, 11,679-11,697, doi:10.1002/2013JD020193.
English, J. M., B. Toon, and M. J. Mills (2013), Microphysical simulations of large volcanic eruptions: Pinatubo and Toba, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 1-16, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50196.
Jensen, E., et al. (2013), Ice nucleation and dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., doi:10.1073/pnas.1217104110.
Neely, R. R., et al. (2013), Recent anthropogenic increases in SO2 from Asia have minimal impact on stratospheric aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 999-1004, doi:10.1002/grl.50263.
English, J. M., B. Toon, and M. J. Mills (2012), Microphysical simulations of sulfur burdens from stratospheric sulfur geoengineering, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4775-4793, doi:10.5194/acp-12-4775-2012.
English, J. M., et al. (2011), Microphysical simulations of new particle formation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 12441-12486, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-12441-2011.
Jensen, E., L. Pfister, and B. Toon (2011), Impact of radiative heating, wind shear, temperature variability, and microphysical processes on the structure and evolution of thin cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12209, doi:10.1029/2010JD015417.
Neely, R. R., et al. (2011), Implications of extinction due to meteoritic smoke in the upper stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24808, doi:10.1029/2011GL049865.
Bardeen, C., et al. (2010), Numerical simulations of the three-dimensional distribution of polar mesospheric clouds and comparisons with Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) experiment and the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) observations, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D10204, doi:10.1029/2009JD012451.
Su, L., and B. Toon (2010), Saharan and asian dust: similarities and differences determined by CALIPSO, AERONET and a coupled climate-aerosol microphysical model, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 29513-29567, doi:10.5194/acpd-10-29513-2010.
Bardeen, C., et al. (2008), Numerical simulations of the three-dimensional distribution of meteoric dust in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17202, doi:10.1029/2007JD009515.
Hatch, C. D., et al. (2008), Heterogeneous Nucleation of Nitric Acid Trihydrate on Clay Minerals: Relevance to Type Ia Polar Stratospheric Clouds†, J. Phys. Chem. B, 612-620, doi:10.1021/jp075828n.
Jensen, E., et al. (2008), Formation of large ( 100 µm) ice crystals near the tropical tropopause, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1621-1633, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1621-2008.
Matichuk, R. I., et al. (2008), Modeling the transport and optical properties of smoke plumes from South American biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D07208, doi:10.1029/2007JD009005.
Gamblin, B., et al. (2007), Nitric acid condensation on ice: 2. Kinetic limitations, a possible ‘‘cloud clock’’ for determining cloud parcel lifetime, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12209, doi:10.1029/2005JD006049.
Matichuk, R. I., et al. (2007), Modeling the transport and optical properties of smoke aerosols from African savanna fires during the Southern African Regional Science Initiative campaign (SAFARI 2000), J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007528.
Gamblin, B., et al. (2006), Nitric acid condensation on ice: 1. Non-HNO3 constituent of NOY condensing cirrus particles on upper tropospheric, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21203, doi:10.1029/2005JD006048.
Shilling, J. E., et al. (2006), Measurements of the vapor pressure of cubic ice and their implications for atmospheric ice clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17801, doi:10.1029/2006GL026671.
Smith, J. A., et al. (2006), Role of deep convection in establishing the isotopic composition of water vapor in the tropical transition layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06812, doi:10.1029/2005GL024078.
Mills, M. J., et al. (2005), Photolysis of sulfuric acid vapor by visible light as a source of the polar stratospheric CN layer, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08201, doi:10.1029/2004JD005519.
Ackerman, A. S., et al. (2004), The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing, Nature, 432, 1014-1017, doi:10.1038/nature03174.
Gao, R., et al. (2004), Evidence That Nitric Acid Increases Relative Humidity in Low-Temperature Cirrus Clouds, Science, 303, 516-520, doi:10.1126/science.1091255.
Ackerman, A. S., et al. (2003), Enhancement of cloud cover and suppression of nocturnal drizzle in stratocumulus polluted by haze, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1381, doi:10.1029/2002GL016634.
Brooks, S. D., et al. (2003), Measurements of large stratospheric particles in the Arctic polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4652, doi:10.1029/2002JD003278.
Colarco, P. R., et al. (2003), Saharan dust transport to the Caribbean during PRIDE: 2. Transport, vertical profiles, and deposition in simulations of in situ and remote sensing observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8590, doi:10.1029/2002JD002659.
Colarco, P. R., B. Toon, and B. Holben (2003), Saharan dust transport to the Caribbean during PRIDE: 1. Influence of dust sources and removal mechanisms on the timing and magnitude of downwind aerosol optical depth events from simulations of in situ and remote sensing observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8589, doi:10.1029/2002JD002658.
Kondo, Y., et al. (2003), Uptake of reactive nitrogen on cirrus cloud particles in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1154, doi:10.1029/2002GL016539.
Jensen, E., et al. (2002), Impact of polar stratospheric cloud particle composition, number density, and lifetime on denitrification, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8284, doi:10.1029/2001JD000440.
Newman, P., et al. (2002), An overview of the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 20.
Tabazadeh, A., et al. (2002), Arctic ‘‘ozone hole’’ in a cold volcanic stratosphere, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 99, 2609-2612, doi:10.1073/pnas.052518199.
Jensen, E., et al. (2001), A conceptual model of the dehydration of air due to freeze-drying by optically thin, laminar cirrus rising slowly across the tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17237-17252, doi:10.1029/2000JD900649.
Jensen, E. J., et al. (2001), Prevalence of Ice-supersaturated regions in the upper troposphere: Implications for optically thin ice cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17253-17266.
Pfister, L., et al. (2001), Aircraft observations of thin cirrus clouds near the Tropical Tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9765-9786.
Rajaram, B., et al. (2001), Temperature-dependent optical constants of water ice in the near infrared: new results and critical review of the available measurements, Appl. Opt., 40, 4449-4462.
Tabazadeh, A., et al. (2001), Role of the Stratospheric Polar Freezing Belt in Denitrification, Science, 291, 2591-2594.
Ackerman, A. S., et al. (2000), Reduction of Tropical Cloudiness by Soot, Science, 288, 1042-1047, doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1042.
Ackerman, A. S., et al. (2000), Effects of aerosols on cloud albedo: Evaluation of Twomey's parameterization of cloud susceptibility using measurements of ship tracks, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2684-2695.
Tabazadeh, A., B. Toon, and E. Jensen (1999), A surface chemistry model for nonreactive trace gas absorption on ice: Implications for nitric acid scavenging by cirrus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2211-2214.
Jensen, E., and B. Toon (1997), The potential impact of soot particles from aircraft exhaust on cirrus clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 249-252.
Tabazadeh, A., E. Jensen, and B. Toon (1997), A model description for cirrus cloud nucleation from homogeneous freezing of sulfate aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23.
Tabazadeh, A., B. Toon, and E. Jensen (1997), Formation and implications of ice particle nucleation in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2007.
Tabazadeh, A., et al. (1997), A new parameterization of the H2SO4/H2O composition: Atmospheric implication, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1931.
Ackerman, A. S., and B. Toon (1996), The impact of enhanced solar absorption on model simulations of the cloud-topped marine boundary layer, Nature, 380, 512-515.
Hamill, P., et al. (1996), On the growth of ternary system HNO3/H2SO4/H20 aerosol particles in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 753-756.
Hutzell, W. T., et al. (1996), Simulations of Titan’s brightness by a two-dimensional haze model, Icarus, 119, 112-129.
Jacobson, M., et al. (1996), Development and application of a new air pollution modeling system — Part 1: Gas phase simulations, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1939-1963.
Jensen, E., et al. (1996), On the formation and persistence of subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21,361-21.
Jensen, E., et al. (1996), Dehydration of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 825-828.
Sokolik, I., and B. Toon (1996), Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols, Nature, 381, 681-683.
Tabazadeh, A., and B. Toon (1996), The presence of metastable HNO3/H20 solid phases in the stratosphere inferred from ER-2 data, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9071-9078.
Tabazadeh, A., et al. (1996), Observational constraints on the formation of Type Ia polar stratospheric clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2109-2112.
Tabazadeh, A., B. Toon, and P. Hamill (1995), Freezing behavior of stratospheric sulfate aerosols inferred from trajectory studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1725-1728.
Zhao, J., B. Toon, and R. P. Turco (1995), Origin of condensation nuclei in the spring-time polar stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5215-5227.
Zhao, J., R. P. Turco, and B. Toon (1995), A model simulation of Pinatubo volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7315-7328.
Ackerman, A. S., B. Toon, and P. V. Hobbs (1994), Reassessing the Dependence of Cloud Condensation Nucleaus concentrations on Formation Rate, Nature, 367, 445.447.
Berland, B., et al. (1994), Refractive Indices of Amorphous and Crystalline HNO3/H2O Films Representative ofPolar Stratospheric Clouds, J. Physical Chem., 98, 4358-4364.
Hutzell, W. T., C. P. MacKay, and B. Toon (1994), Effects of a Time Varying Haze Mass Production Rate on Titan’s Geometric Albedo, Icarus, 105, 162-174.
Jacobson, M. Z., et al. (1994), Modeling coagulation among particles of different composition and size, Atmos. Environ., 28, 1327-1338.
Jensen, E., S. Kinne, and B. Toon (1994), Tropical Cirrus Cloud Radiative Forcing: Sensitivity Studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2023-2026.
Jensen, E., and B. Toon (1994), Ice Nucleation in the Upper Troposphere: Sensitivity to Aerosol Number Density, Temperature, and Cooling Rate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2019-2022.
Jensen, E., et al. (1994), Microphysical Modeling of Cirrus 1: Comparison with 1986 FIRE IFO Measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,421-10.
Jensen, E., et al. (1994), Microphysical Modeling of Cirrus 2: Sensitivity Studies, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,443-10.
Middlebrook, A. M., et al. (1994), Real refractive indices of nitric-acid/ice films: implications for optical measurements of PSCs, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,655-25.
Tabazadeh, A., et al. (1994), A Study of Type I Polar Stratospheric Cloud Formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1619-1622.
Young, R. E., H. Houben, and B. Toon (1994), Radiatively Forced Dispersion of the Mt. Pinatubo Volcanic Cloud and Induced Temperature Perturbations in the Stratosphere During the First Few Months Following the Eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 369-372.
Ackerman, A. S., B. Toon, and P. V. Hobbs (1993), Dissipation of Marine Stratiform clouds and collapse of the marine boundary layer due to aerosol depletion by clouds, Science, 262, 226-229.
Anderson, J., and B. Toon (1993), Airborne Arctic stratospheric expedition II: An overview, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2499-2502.
Browell, E., et al. (1993), Ozone and aerosol changes observed during the 1991-92 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition, Science, 261, 1155-1158.
Michelangeli, D. V., et al. (1993), Numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of water-ice clouds in the martian atmosphere, Icarus, 100, 261-285.
Weaver, A., et al. (1993), Effects of Pinatubo Aerosol on Stratospheric Ozone at Mid-Latitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2515-2518.
Kinne, S., B. Toon, and M. Prather (1992), Buffering of stratospheric circulations by changing amounts of tropical ozone: a Pinatubo case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1927-1930.
Elliott, S., et al. (1991), Application of Physical Absorption Termodynamics to Heterogeneous Chemistry on Polar Stratospheric Clouds, J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 211-224.
Hamill, P., and B. Toon (1991), The Physics of Polar Stratospheric Clouds and the Ozone Hole, Physics Today, 14, 34-42.
Jensen, E., B. Toon, and P. Hammell (1991), Homogeneous Freezing Nucleation of Stratospheric H2SO4 Solution Drops, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1857-1860.
McKay, C., B. Toon, and J. Kasting (1991), Making Mars Habitable, Nature, 352, 489-496.
Westphal, D., and B. Toon (1991), Simulations of Microphysical, Radiative, and Dynamical Processes in a Contiental-scale Forest Fire Smoke Plume, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,379-22.
Westphal, D., and B. Toon (1991), The Short-term Temperature Response to Smoke from Oil Fires, J. Geophys. Res., 18, 1873-1876.
Browell, E., et al. (1990), Airborne Lidar Observations in the Wintertime Arctic Stratosphere: Ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 325-328.
Browell, E., et al. (1990), Airborne Lidar Observations in the Wintertime Arctic Stratosphere: Polar stratospheric clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 385-388.
Elliott, S., et al. (1990), Incorporation of Stratospheric Acids into Water Ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 373-376.
Hamill, P., and B. Toon (1990), Denitrification of the Polar Winter Stratosphere: Implications of SAM II Cloud Formation Temperatures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 441-444.
Hamill, P., B. Toon, and R. P. Turco (1990), Aerosol Nucleation in the Winter Arctic and Antarctic Stratospheres, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 417-420.
Kinne, S., and B. Toon (1990), Radiative Effects of Polar Stratospheric Clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 373-376.
Murphy, J. R., et al. (1990), Numerical Simulations of the Decay of Martian Global Dust Storms, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14,629-14.
Pollack, J., et al. (1990), Thermal Emission Spectra of Mars (5.4-10.5 mm): Evidence for sulfates, carbonates and hydrates, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14,595.
Turco, R. P., et al. (1990), Climate and Smoke: An Appraisal of Nuclear Winter, Science, 247, 166-176.
Goodman, J., et al. (1989), Antarctic Stratospheric Ice Crystals, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,449-16.
Jensen, E., G. Thomas, and B. Toon (1989), On the Diurnal Variation of Noctilucent Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12,693-14.
Kinne, S., et al. (1989), Measurements of the Size and Composition of Particles in the Polar Stratospheric Clouds with the JPL Mark-IV Infrared Interferometer, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,481-16.
Pinto, J., R. P. Turco, and B. Toon (1989), Self-Limiting Physical and Chemical Effects in Volcanic Eruption Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,165-11.
Pueschel, R., et al. (1989), Condensed Nitrate Sulfate and Chloride in Antarctic Stratospheric Aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,271-11.
Stoker, C., and B. Toon (1989), Moist Convection on Neptune, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 929-932.
Thomas, G., et al. (1989), The Relation Between Increasing Methane and the Presence of Ice Clouds at the Mesopause, Nature, 338, 490-492.
Turco, R. P., B. Toon, and P. Hamill (1989), Heterogeneous Physiochemistry of the Polar Ozone Hole, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,493-16.

Note: Only publications that have been uploaded to the ESD Publications database are listed here.

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