The T-39 and ER-2 flew separate missions. The T-39 sampled the emissions of commercial airliners (B757 and B727) at cruise altitudes of approximately 35kft. The ER-2 observed cirrus and contrails over Kansas and made coordinated measurements with the NOAA-14 satellite overpass at 1958 UTC.
Highlights
- A picture of the DC-8 contrail from the ER-2 using the RC-10 Camera. Note the shadow of the contrail.
- SUCCESS ER-2 Lidar Digital Image
Flight Reports
ER-2 Flight: 96108
Date: April 26, 1996
Mission: Coordinated flight between ER-2 and NOAA-14 satellite.
Mission Objectives
Observe cirrus and contrails during overpass of the NOAA-14 satellite to assist in the development of satellite remote sensing techniques.
Flight Track
Flight Summary
Take-off time was 1730 UTC with landing at 2100 UTC. ER-2 flew NW to altitude and returned to vicinity of Salina. Lee wave mission was cancelled. ER-2 mission was adjusted accordingly. Pilot was to visually locate and fly over contrails. ER-2 flew into the solar principle plane during the NOAA-14 satellite overpass.
Highlights
Obtained coincident data with NOAA-14.
Instrument Status
- MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS): Operated. Good data collected.
- Cloud Aerosol Lidar System (CALS): Operated. Good data collected.
- High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS): Operated. Good data collected.
- Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer(MIR): Operated. Good data collected.
- Tilt Scan CCD Camera (TSCC): Operated. Problems encountered.
- Radiation Measuring System (RAMS): Operated. Good data collected.
- RC-10 Camera: Operated (black and white visible film- 6 inch lens).
Additional Pilot Notes: During the 1831 to 1834 UTC leg the ER-2 overflew a fresh contrail (the commercial aircraft pilot could visually see the ER-2). Flew into the solar plane during the leg 38:00N 9610:W and 36:20N 98:10W (1956 and 2009 UTC). A good contrail was observed around 1847. During the leg between 1841 and 1855 UTC pilot observed 7 to 10 contrails. Also overflew a contrail on the 1952 to 1954 UTC leg. Contrails appeared to be below the cirrus.
Mission Objective
T-39 Flight 08
- To conduct sampling of the emissions of commercial airliners at cruise altitudes.
Flight Log
TAKEOFF/LANDING:
The T-39 departed SLN at 1834UTC and returned at 2100UTC
FLIGHT REPORT:
The T-39 departed SLN and climbed to 35 kft and flew a loitering pattern beside a jetway emanating from Kansas City. ATC then vectored the aircraft to fly behind a B757 and later a B727.
METEOROLOGY-REPORT:
INSTRUMENT STATUS:
- CIMS - mass spec - Electronic problems
- MS - Met/Nav system - WORKED (lost GPS in flight)
- AMS - Air Motion Sensor - WORKED
- NDIR - CO2 - WORKED
- 3760 - fine CN - WORKED
- 3025 - ultra fine CN - WORKED
- FSSP - 0.3-20um aerosols - Software problem
- PCASP - 0.1-3um aerosols - WORKED
Highlights
- Obtained aerosol emission indices for B757 and B727 aircraft
96/04/26 CART site activity
Meteorology at the Central Facility
Weather Conditions from Site Operators Log
Visiting Instruments at Central Facilities
Active Measurement Instruments
- ETL - CO2 doppler lidar: 15:00-18:00, 19:00-22:00
- UoU - Polarization Diversity Lidar (PDL): X
- UoU - 95 GHz scanning cloud radar: X
- PSU - 94 GHz vertical cloud radar: X
- UMa - 95 GHz scanning cloud radar: X
Passive Measurement Instruments
- NOA - total and diffuse radiometers: X
- NOA - Epply cavity radiometers: X
- SCR - solar radiometers: 15:00-24:00
- ARC - SPectral Flux Radiometer (SPFR): 15:00-23:00
- ARC - Digital Array Scanning Interferometer (DASI): X
- ASD - FieldSpec FR full range radiometer: X
- DeU - Absolute Solar Trans. Interferometer: 16:00-22:00
- CSI - IR Radiometer: X
- UoU - IR Radiometer in PDL trailer: X
- GSF - triple MWR system: ALL DAY
- PNL - wide-view camera and time-lapse VCR: X
- UoU wide-view video camera: X
- BNL - CSPOT, Cimel Sun/sky PhOTometer: ALL DAY
CART Instrument Operations at Central Facilities
Key: O = operational, X = down or degraded
- RASS, 50 MHz, (hourly): X
- RASS, 915 MHz, (hourly): O
- BSRN: X
- SIROS: X
- SMOS, (24 hrs): O
- SWATS (24 hrs): O
- EBBR, (24 hrs): O
- WSI, (every 10 min.) X
- MWR, (24 hrs): O
- IRT: X
- MPL, (24 hrs): X
- BLC, (24 hrs): O
- AERI, (24 hrs): O
- SORTI, (daytime, sunny): O
- Raman Lidar (daytime): X
- 60M Temperature and Humidity: O
- 25M Temperature and Humidity: O
- 25M IRT: O
- 25M MultiFilter Radiometer: O
- 25M Upwelling IR: O
- 25M Upwelling Solar: O
- 10M IRT: O
- 10M MultiFilter Radiometer: O
- Aerosol System: X
- Radiosondes, (Every 3 hrs, from 1:30 UTC): O
CART Instrument Operations at Boundary Facilities
There are four staffed Boundary Facilities, each having Balloon Borne Sounding Systems (BBSS) and MicroWave Radiometers (MWR). During the IOP period, sondes are launched every three hours round the clock, starting at 5:30 GMT (12:30 CST). The sites are listed below. Times listed following a site indicate questionable data or failed sonde launches. Weather conditions are recorded in the Boundary Facilities Site Operator's Log.
- Hillsboro, KS (BF-1): Okay
- Vici, OK (BF-4): Okay
- Morris, OK (BF-5): Okay
- Purcell, OK (BF-6): Okay
CART Instrumentation at Extended Facilities
There are numerous unstaffed Extended Facilities. The specific instrumentation at the extended facilities varies from site to site, but generally includes a flux station (either an Energy Balance Bowen Ration (EBBR) system or an Eddy Correlation (ECOR) system), a Solar and InfraRed Observing System (SIROS), and a Standard Meteorology Observing Station (SMOS). For the locations of the Extended Facilities, and their suite of instrumentation, see the table and map of the Extended CART site. The comments below indicate specific data streams with identified problems.
- Problem at Extended Facility:
- E1: ECOR
- E2: SIROS
- E3: SIROS
- E7: SIROS
- E10: SIROS
- E16: ECOR
Key Comments/Observations related to flights
Good cirrus and contrails, but scattered low cumulus made ground-based remote sensing intermittent.